... duration seismic records with different duration characteristics were selected. The influence of the duration indexes on the liquid sloshing wave height, hoop stress, axial stress, effective stress, liquid pressure and other important dynamic responses was studied. Findings The liquid sloshing wave...

... subjected to dynamic loading by using the charged system search (CSS) algorithm. First, a novel cost optimization approach for geometric layout problems is introduced, in which both cost parameters and dynamic responses are considered in the preliminary layout design of beams. The proposed structural...