... Limited Licensed re-use rights only Unsymmetric FEM Membrane element Size effect Modified couple stress theory Mesh distortion Comparing with 4-node low-order models, 8-node quadratic elements generally possess advantages in accuracy and convergence. Thus, the objective of the present...

... with complicated geometries, mesh distortion is inevitable), they will lose efficacy and produce unacceptable results. How to solve the distortion-sensitivity problem is still a challenge that remains outstanding. The reduced integration scheme can improve the distortion tolerance of element more or less...

... the models exhibit outstanding capacity for resisting various severe mesh distortions, and even perform well when other models cannot work. Some difficulties in the history of FEM are also broken through, such as the limitations defined by MacNeal’s theorem and the edge-effect problems of Mindlin–Reissner...