... queuing. To resolve the developed model, two meta-heuristic algorithms, namely, genetic and imperialist competitive algorithms, are presented. Findings The computational results indicate that the proposed framework leads to increased total costs, although it has a more accurate planning; moreover...

... such complex problems effectively, researchers have developed various nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithms such as particle swarm algorithm (PSO) (Kennedy and Eberhart, 1995 ; Jordehi, 2015), ant colony optimization (ACO) (Socha and Dorigo, 2008), cuckoo search (CS) (Yang and Suash, 2009), grey wolf...