... a novel three-stage collaborative optimization method combining Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Simulated Annealing (SA) Employs a functionally decoupled architecture to achieve exploration of the search space, acceleration of convergence, and local refinement of cutting...

... it is integrated with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to achieve better solutions. The flowchart of this algorithm has been shown. The formulation of designing the castellated beams has been mentioned and utilized for three different problems. At last, the results of the proposed algorithm have been compared...

... Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Multi-information Multi-strategy Two factors State evaluation the Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology 2025B05...

... Licensed re-use rights only Optimization Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Turbulent flow Support vector machine (SVM) Pipe bend Since the past decade, turbulent flow of fluid through 90° bend pipes has attracted a significant concern...