... phases of the new product development process. i, j, k(−)=running indices f(−)=probability density function of a standardised random variable t (s)=time variable x (−)=standardised scalar random variable x (−)=vector of standardised random...

...Jeongsam Yang Neutral format translators such as STEP and IGES have been used to exchange CAD model between the various CAD systems in the product development process. But imperfect interoperability imposes costs on the industry due to higher costs of design and production and slower implementation...