...‐consistent membrane strain and the separation of radial displacement produce the most efficient linear element possible. © MCB UP Limited 1996 Beam theory Curved structures Shearing effect Strain Development of a new curved Curved beam element with beam element with shear effect shear effect...

... shearing effects in an isotropic or othotropic elastic core. Both geometry and local displacements are interpolated by a set of B‐spline functions. The main aspects added by the sandwich structure of the element are the transverse shearing and membrane‐bending coupling effects in the core. These are well...