... Limited Licensed re-use rights only Adaptive quadrature Dynamic relaxation Element-free Galerkin methods Explicit integration Total Lagrangian formulation Mesh-free methods are a class of numerical methods in which field variable approximation or interpolation is achieved without...

... formulation were attenuated by the use of the Total Lagrangian Formulation (TLF). Findings – In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present improved SPH method, several numerical applications involving geometrically nonlinear behaviors were carried out using the explicit dynamics scheme...