... © Emerald Publishing Limited 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Size-dependent Porous FGMs Thermal environment Modified couple stress theory Unsymmetric FEM Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are composite materials composed of two different...

... Limited Licensed re-use rights only Unsymmetric FEM Membrane element Size effect Modified couple stress theory Mesh distortion Comparing with 4-node low-order models, 8-node quadratic elements generally possess advantages in accuracy and convergence. Thus, the objective of the present...

... framework of unsymmetric FEM. The element test functions are determined by using a conforming displacement field which is slightly different with the classical Allman’s interpolations, while a self-equilibrated stress field formulated based on the analytical airy stress solutions is adopted as the trial...