This study aimed to formulate multi-level key performance indicators (KPIs) to systematically measure the performance of modular construction (MC) supply chains at the process, project, organization, and industry levels, as demonstrated in the case of modular integrated construction (MiC) for buildings in Hong Kong and the supply chain in the Greater Bay Area of China.
This study first conducted a literature review to identify the initial indicators for MC supply chain performance measurement and verified them through three focus group meetings and twelve interviews. Based on the refined list of indicators, a questionnaire survey was carried out to determine the KPIs. Finally, this study organized a research workshop to consolidate and validate the findings.
Through scale ranking and fuzzy set analysis, a total of 15 KPIs were identified for measuring MC supply chain performance, including “manufacturability of module design,” “stakeholder satisfaction,” “MiC experience of supply group,” “assurance of supply,” “efficiency of approval procedures,” “end-user acceptance” and “incentive effectiveness.” The KPIs highlighted the pivotal domains that warrant attention and the necessity of multifaceted endeavors for MC supply chain enhancement.
This study contributes a multi-level measurement framework with KPIs to the literature on MC supply chain measurement. The efficacy of the mixed approach for formulating KPIs was demonstrated, providing a reference for other economies. Also, the multilevel KPIs help the government monitor the overall maturity of the entire supply chain network and facilitate the stakeholders directly involved in value creation activities to optimize process operations and strengthen organization capability.
