... overlap. Despite their advantages, existing dynamic models are often limited in scope, typically addressing single-objective problems or relying on oversimplified geometric representations (such as minimum bounding circles) that inadequately reflect the physical and operational characteristics of actual...

... of this study are given in Section 4 . Wei He can be contacted at: hewei@ysu.edu.cn 14 05 2025 31 07 2025 24 08 2025 Low-carbon buildings Supply chain Quantum entanglement Carbon trading Dynamic model Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project...