...), to address challenges related to search space exploration and local optimization in CSLP. Design/methodology/approach The study integrates three techniques – opposition-based learning (OBL), quasi-opposition and quasi-reflection – into the initialization phase of the MOAHA algorithm, creating the oMOAHA...

... to tackle the challenges posed by time-cost trade-off (TCTO) problems. This objective is achieved through the integration of the multi-verse optimizer (MVO) with opposition-based learning (OBL), thereby introducing a groundbreaking methodology in the field. Design/methodology/approach The paper aims...