..., reflected in responsiveness to customers and in the continual development of staff, have made a dramatic impact. Outlines the processes employed, as well as some of the unintended consequences of this approach. © MCB UP Limited 1996 Empowerment Leadership Management attitudes Management...

... of providing efficacy information”[ 2, p. 474 ]. What this means in practice is highly problematic. However, Waterman′s preferred term, “directed autonomy”[ 3 ] provides a clearer indication of the inherent contradiction at the root of the notion of empowerment. Empowerment Management attitudes...