...KwangWook Gang; Sunwoo Kim Purpose This study examines how deep-tech startups transition from public support to private capital. Drawing on signaling theory and the resource-based view, we investigate how firm age, R&D intensity and export activity – individually and as a signal bundle – shape...

.../approach This research tests the hypotheses using the fixed effects model based on panel data of publicly listed enterprises in China from 2007–2020. Findings The empirical results validate the positive association between trade disputes and corporate research and development (R&D) intensity...

... or the organization. Finally, it is found that the type of innovation strategy (vertically integrated, inbound, outbound, or mixed) is related to the R&D intensity. Originality/value This paper provides large‐scale empirical evidence for the extent of open innovation adoption in Europe. Moreover, it confirms...