... the relative productivity of SMEs engaging in university collaboration differ from those that do not? (2) Are subsequent changes in firm productivity following university collaboration related to their initial levels of productivity? Design/methodology/approach The paper utilises data on 254 SMEs from...

... and The Danish Confederation of Trade Unions, 2007), but some of them may require external expertise, for example, in terms of a university collaboration (Eerola et al., 2015 ; Ukko et al., 2016). Universities and other formal education institutions have been stated to play a crucial role...