... hypotheses in a cross-sectional survey design. The cross-sectional Study 2 (n = 334) validates a moderated mediation model with altruistic values and general self-efficacy as moderators. Study 3 (n = 189) applies a choice-based conjoint methodology to examine effective designs for envy...

... enhance external efficacy instead of self-efficacy because nothing is said in them to alter individuals’ beliefs about their ability to perform. Specific self-efficacy General self-efficacy External efficacy Positive framing Negative framing Threat arousal Fear appeals Recently...