.... It examines the internal factors that influence the proactivity and effectiveness of R&D centers and provides a theoretical model for improving the fundraising capacity and, ultimately, the competitiveness and sustainability of these institutions. Design/methodology/approach The study sample comprised...

...) , and others, meaning only three elements (innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness) are necessary to fully measure the EO of a firm. Risk-taking Entry mode Entrepreneurial orientation Innovativeness Newly liberalized market Proactiveness To conclude, the existence of entrepreneurial...