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If you have used a personal computer to try to retrieve information from the Internet, you know that the process can be slow and frustrating. One of the main reasons for delay is often slow communications between your computer and the Internet. The typical Internet‐connected computer uses a modem that runs at 9.6, 14.4 or 28.8 kilobits per second (kbps) to send and receive information over an ordinary telephone line. A slow modem creates an information bottleneck.

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