... agreement when a written individual agreement, as the mandatory document, is absent. The advent of substitution effect reflects a pragmatic view amongst Chinese labour law professionals, employers and workers. Research limitations/implications Due to the recent establishment of the online judgments...

... Publishing Limited 2015 China Industrial relations Chinese labour law Employment legislation Labour dispute arbitration system This study of the dynamics of China’s labour dispute resolution mechanism – an essential component of the country’s labour and employment law system – reviews...