...Lorraine Ryan; Caroline Murphy Purpose This article explores the growing ambiguity in employment classification in the context of the gig economy and the rise in nonstandard work. It seeks to examine how employment status, a concept at the core of the welfare state, affects the interpretation...

...Shuang Ren; Guiyao Tang; Andrea Kim Purpose Drawing on a motivational model of proactive behavior, this study theorizes that employment status, reflective moral attentiveness (RMA), and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) constitute the can-do, reason-to, and energized-to motivational states...