...Muhammad Burhan; Omar Abou Hamdan; Hussain Tariq; Zahid Hameed; Rana Muhammad Naeem Purpose This study examines the influence of contextual factors (e.g. age and ownership type) on HRM formality (including the underlying functions of recruitment, selection, training and development, performance...

... HRM formality correlated with improved organizational performance. Practical implications This study shows how the business sector shapes HRM practices in Pakistani SMEs. Findings help to inform Pakistan's Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority (SMEDA) in dealings with manufacturing...