... appraisal and compensation) in SMEs. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a quantitative survey of 300 owners/managers of services, manufacturing and trade SMEs in Pakistan. Findings Firm age, association with a larger parent entity, existence of a strategic business plan...

... HRM formality correlated with improved organizational performance. Practical implications This study shows how the business sector shapes HRM practices in Pakistani SMEs. Findings help to inform Pakistan's Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority (SMEDA) in dealings with manufacturing...

...Mansoor Ahmad; Matthew Allen Purpose – Despite a growing literature on human resource management (HRM) in emerging economies, evidence from Pakistan is limited. There is scant information on both the human resource (HR) practices that indigenous workplaces adopt and their associations with HR...

... and trade union rights, simply by paying workers through an agency. The paper was prompted by the growing amount of anecdotal evidence suggesting proliferation of pay‐rolling agency systems in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The paper involved a total of 97 interviews were undertaken in six case...