... managers for informal approaches and the perceived certainty of written disputes procedures. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws upon findings from 12 organisational case studies, focusing on interviews conducted with HR and managers. Findings – As line managers undertake more...

... businesses and small establishments, seeking to explore significant variations. These include the presence or absence of written disciplinary procedures, their mode of operation, content and meaning, and management style and consistency. Qualitative insights include the prevalence of informal first...

... enforceable. Collective bargaining Industrial relations Procedures Professional associations Trade unions United Kingdom 1. ACASAdvisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service 2. AEEUAmalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union (formed by merger of AEU and EETPU in 1992) 3...

... in terms of HRM and the level of know‐how (technique and management systems) achieved by personnel managers. © MCB UP Limited 1992 Human resource management Industrial relations Italy Modelling Organizational structure Procedures Strategy Human Resource Management in Italy HRM in Italy...