Before and after

Five post‐experience courses for people who want to brush up their knowledge without taking a full degree course have just been announced by the Open University. Dr Walter Perry, the vice‐chancellor, thought such courses were needed because initial education was no longer enough to see a man through his entire career; and, apart from the need to refurbish his existing skills, a person was more likely to change direction completely during his working life and would have to learn new techniques.