Problems of middle management Available to Purchase

Approximately 5 per cent of the non‐farm work force in the United States falls into the category of middle managers. The variations in titles and responsibilities in organizations make it difficult precisely to define middle managers; but they can generally be regarded as those who manage other managers and supervisors, and groups of primarily exempt employees. Thus at the lower limit for classification as a middle manager we would exclude first line supervisors of salaried clerical and hourly production employees. At the upper limit for classification as a middle manager we would exclude managers of business components who have profit and loss responsibility, functional and staff vice presidents, and all other executives in the hierarchy above those categories.