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Industrial societies expand at a rapid rate, both in terms of quantity and quality. At the time of Britain's entry into the Common Market it was popularly believed that merging with a large, growing Community would make our own community more efficient — and efficiency, always desirable, became essential for survival. Now industry and commerce also regard efficiency as their key to survival. The whole purpose of an organisation, after all, is to organise men, materials and money into the most efficient production of goods or services. But the speed of growth and change in the 1970s makes it very difficult to deal with some of the problems arising from this search for efficiency; nor is it even certain what is meant by “efficiency”. We are now discovering, often with cruelty and cost, that the old methods in search of efficiency do not, and will not, work in the emerging social and technological systems. It is the function of Governments to pursue “efficiency” in society, and it is the function of managers and trade unionists that proper efficiency is brought into industry.