Taming business gaming

Once upon a time The war game, as originally developed, was of a free or unstructured type in which the umpire made on‐the‐spot decisions over problems arising during play, and also made an evaluation at the end of the game. The power which he wielded under these circumstances was criticised and, as a result, the war game designers decided to develop new rules and to make the existing ones much stronger. Thus in the late 19th century a German, Von Reisswitz, produced what is now known as a rigid war game or Kriegspiel. This is a game where there are detailed, non‐deviating rules with the provision for chance events produced by the throw of a die, spin of a wheel, random number, etc.