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Educational Expansion and Labour Market: a Comparative Study of Five European Countries – France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom – with Special Reference to the United States

European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop), Office for Official Publications of the European Communities2003

Presents the results of a study that analysed the long-term consequences of the rise in education levels on the mechanisms of access to employment and on human-resource management. Answers four major questions, in the context of France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom:

  • What are the processes leading to educational expansion and the production of generations with increasing levels of qualifications? Can the factors influencing these processes be identified?

  • How have these generations with increasing levels of qualifications spread throughout the employment system, and with what returns in terms of salary and social position?

  • What has been the impact of an increased supply of graduates on company organization and human-resource management? How is it viewed and used by companies? What links have been established between the qualifications produced and the skills demanded?

  • From these results, is it possible to deduce implications for the evolution of national systems linking education with employment? To what extent are countries converging or diverging?

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