... method centred on a structured case study of each school, informed by: site observation, questionnaire distribution, headteacher's interview and workshop discussions. A total of five primary schools were involved. Findings It was found that there is a gap between design expectations...

... in the study. To ensure the effectiveness of upgraded FM in millennium primary schools and to understand the long‐term impacts on the learning outcomes of students, a longitudinal post‐occupancy evaluation study in these three millennium schools is recommended. Practical implications It is suggested...