...Jiangmei Chen; Wende Zhang; Qishan Zhang Purpose The purpose of the paper is to improve the rating prediction accuracy in recommender systems (RSs) by metric learning (ML) method. The similarity metric of user and item is calculated with gray relational analysis. Design/methodology/approach...

... of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 , the basic concepts and definitions of classification and gray relational analysis (GRA) are given. Section 3 presents the method for information diffusion and the model for optimizing the classification parameters. In Section 4 , a numerical example...

... as a competitive advantage for internationalization. Design/methodology/approach From a resource-based view (RBV), 35 different factors grouped into four categories were identified and presented to 24 companies. The data were analyzed through a gray relational analysis to establish all factors’ order...