... model Grey forecasting BP neural network The digital economy is not a specific industrial sector, but a new social economic form. It has become a new engine for economic development promoting the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries as well as fostering emerging industries...

.... Furthermore, relying on Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Doubling Time (D_t), production growth is analyzed. Design/methodology/approach The secondary data were extracted from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) database. Grey forecasting models are applied using the data...

... re-use rights only Digital currency KDJ analysis Grey Markov chain Grey forecasting The digital currency is an alternate currency in the form of electronic money. Since released by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, the digital currency has received a lot of attention and its price has...

... gases Discrete grey models Grey forecasting In the relevant literature, there are many valuable quantitative and qualitative studies on gas emissions forecasting, as seen in Table I . Chen (2005) developed MARKAL-MACRO, an integrated energy-environment-economy model, to generate future...

...Sifeng Liu; Yingjie Yang Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the terms of grey forecasting models and techniques. Design/methodology/approach The definitions of basic terms about grey forecasting models and techniques are presented one by one. Findings The reader could know...

... (at least four data points/sets are required). The core model of grey forecasting theory GM(1, 1) is an univariate, first order, differential equation: GM(1, 1) has been used in many fields as it is mathematically simple, practical and provides ready solutions, even when armed with sparse data. Previous...