..., the direction with maximum growth trend can be determined by gradient of function, and it is the factor’s principal development trend. Therefore, the gradient difference of two factors can be regarded as a physical quantity measuring their development similarity. Grey models Behaviour matrix Grey...

... the comparative performances of grey prediction models (GM) and Markov chain integrated grey models in a demand prediction problem. Design/methodology/approach The modeling process of grey models is initially described, and then an integrated model called the Grey-Markov model is presented for the convenience...

...Marcel Bolos; Ioana Bradea; Camelia Delcea Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the adjustment of the GM(1, 2) errors for financial data series that measures changes in the public sector financial indicators, taking into account that the errors in grey models remain a key problem...

...Ke Zhang Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem that the qualitative relative factors cannot be employed in traditional multivariate grey models. Design/methodology/approach – First, a new model is constructed though introducing dummy drivers. Then, the parameters...

... offered by this theory, GRA holds the first place with more than 1,480 papers written only in the economic field (Delcea, 2015a), followed by the grey modelling with 235 economic papers (Delcea, 2015b). As for the advantages offered by the GRA we can mention the fact that it can generate a statistical...

... is constructed. Shuli Yan can be contacted at: yshuli@126.com © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2016 Decision making Grey numbers Operations Grey models Dynamic grey target Three-parameter grey numbers Existing state Development trend Target distance As the information...

... 2016 Grey systems Practical applications Modeling and prediction Grey models FGM Complex equipment system Complex equipment is a product of complicated structures, high-technology content, single-piece or small-batch customized production, as well as high degrees of integration...

... numbers Prospect theory Grey models Operations Multi-stage group risk Grey target Multiple attribute decision making is an important part of modern decision science. It has been extensively applied to various areas including society, economics and management, engineering, military affairs...

... that A is the square matrix: Equation 8 and 0≤a_i1≤a_i2≤ċ≤a_in, then it is called the generalized accumulated generation matrix. Grey systems Modelling Grey models Industrial engineering Generalized accumulated generating...

...: Equation 2 is a grey model (Deng, 2002). Assume that X⁽⁰⁾={x⁽⁰⁾(1), x⁽⁰⁾(2), … ,x⁽⁰⁾(n)} is a non‐negative sequence, where x⁽⁰⁾(k)≥0, k=1, 2, … , n, X⁽¹⁾ the 1...