...-use rights only Grey system model Conformable fractional integral Forecasting model Numerical approximation Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation ZR2024QF058 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007129 National Natural Science Foundation of China 62307022 http...

...Xin Ma; Chenxin Feng; Lifeng Wu Purpose This study proposes a hybrid forecasting framework integrating grey system models ( GM ) with Gaussian process regression ( GPR ) to enhance prediction accuracy under small-sample conditions. While GM is effective in capturing trend components under small...

...Wei Tang; Haifeng Hu; Sifeng Liu; Dahai Li; Huiyong Wang Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal the bottleneck of reliability growth for carrier rockets by establishing different grey system models to simulate and predict the success rate of rocket launches worldwide. And to raise...

... at: cauchy7203@gmail.com 20 07 2024 01 11 2024 12 12 2024 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Grey system model Unbiased grey model Parameters optimization The grey system was introduced by Ju-Long (1982) , which...

... challenging to comprehend and predict. In this context, the grey system model is essential for modelling and analysing nonlinear and non-smooth systems. The grey system concept is used in engineering, environmental sciences, and economics. The grey system model’s adaptability helps with real-world system...

...Baolei Wei; Naiming Xie; L.U. Yang Purpose The cumulative sum (Cusum) operator, also referred to as accumulating generation operator, is the fundamental of grey system models and proves to be successful in various real-world applications. This paper aims to uncover the advantages of the Cusum...

... in big cities of China. Therefore, it can be considered as a decision-making support tool in the near future. Originality/value This is the first work introducing the Euler polynomial to the grey system models, and a more general formulation of existing grey models is also obtained. The modelling...