... ) model construction process, replacing the conventional first-order accumulating generation operator (1-AGO). The solution of the new model is proven to be stable, and PSO algorithm is employed to optimize three hyperparameters, significantly enhancing the adaptability and prediction accuracy...

...-firefly algorithm is used to optimize the hyperparameters, so as to obtain the best cooperative optimization multi-parameter values; (4) The application of the model is divided into two parts: empirical and application. In the empirical stage, 5 kinds of prediction models are used to predict, which...