... algorithm (PSO algorithm) was employed for parameter optimization, and solution stability was thoroughly investigated. Through comparative analysis with three benchmark models using real-case studies, the effectiveness and forecasting accuracy of the proposed model were validated, followed by its...

... network and scale of adjacent nodes. Then, a consensus degree index based on three-level polygon area is defined and applied to identify the inconsistent DMs. Finally, the feedback mechanism based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm under grey linguistic environment is developed, where...