... Firstly, grey relational analysis is utilized to screen the sequences of influencing factors and identify their interactions. Secondly, particle swarm optimization is employed for differential optimization of the orders and nonlinear parameters of each variable, while the least squares method is used...

... equation, thereby minimizing systematic errors. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to estimate the nonlinear parameters, while the least squares method is used to estimate the linear parameters of the model. Findings The BNGBM(1,1) model is used to forecast the air quality index (AQI...

... to reduce the perturbation of the original data. Finally, in order to effectively find the optimal fraction accumulation generation coefficient, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to determine the emerging coefficient. Findings Experimental results show that FIEGM(1, N) outperforms other grey...

... disruption Grey chance-constrained programming Particle swarm optimization Grey simulation technique Large-scale earthquakes, because of their burstiness, unpredictability and extreme destructiveness, not only cause serious economic losses but also produce a large number of casualties in a short...

... micro holes were measured as response characteristics during experimentation corresponding to different settings of EDD input parameters. For optimizing multiresponse characteristics, the hybrid approach of grey relational analysis, regression analysis and particle swarm optimization has been...

... Grey theory Particle swarm optimization Health expenditure FAGM(1,1,t^{α) model Fractional order accumulation It is a common pursuit of human societies to improve people’s health and ensure their right to medical care. Over the years, the Chinese Government has been}...

...Hong Liu; Wenping Wang; Qishan Zhang Purpose The purpose of this paper is to realize a multi‐objective location‐routing network optimization in reverse logistics using particle swarm optimization based on grey relational analysis with entropy weight. Design/methodology/approach Real world...