...Ailian Chang; Wenqing Mo; Minglu Shao; Lipei Fu; Kambiz Vafai; Tianhao Tang Purpose Crude oil remains a cornerstone global energy resource, and its rheological and flow characteristics are critical to the efficiency and safety of extraction and pipeline transportation. Existing studies have...

..., the inherent viscous behavior of the crude oil. The feasibility and flexibility of the fractional model are tested via a case study of non-Newtonian fluid. The finite element method is non-Newtonian used to numerically solve both momentum equation and energy equation to describe the fluid flow and convection...