... system is discussed. Further, extinction and the persistence of the proposed system are presented on the base of the reproductive number. Findings The authors discuss the dynamics of the deterministic smoking model form and further present the existence and uniqueness of non-negative global solutions...

... as the characteristic particle shape to study the single scattering albedo of real nonspherical particles. Meanwhile, the extinction and scattering cross section of spheroids are calculated with the T matrix method combined with the improved geometric optics approximation method (IGOM). Findings – Through...

... is computed numerically by means of an iterative,operator‐splitting method based on implicit finite‐difference approximations. Numerical simulations of the dynamics of flame spread over cellulosic solids are presented and extinction limits as a consequence of reduced rates of fuel generation are determined...