... Licensed re-use rights only Flow measurement Turbulent flow Bend Elbow flow meter Square-sectioned duct Volumetric flow rate a = duct width (height), m; D_h = hydraulic diameter, m; L = length scale, m; L_i...

... volume it becomes as below: Equation 6 where u⇀ is the velocity vector, ν is the cell volume and A is the area around it. M.S. Seif can be contacted at: seif@sharif.edu © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2007 Flow measurement Numerical control Density...

... of the fuel cell. D.B. Ingham can be contacted at: D.B.Ingham@leeds.ac.uk; amt6dbi@amsta.leeds.ac.uk © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2007 Fluid dynamics Fuels Flow measurement Nomenclature a =water vapor activity c =molar concentration D...

... transfer rates for systems with a lower humidity or a higher wetted wall temperature. Brahim Benhamou can be contacted at: bbenhamou@ucam.ac.ma © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2007 Heat transfer Convection Flow measurement Nomenclature b =channel width (m...

... cooling strategies have been developed such as film, impingement and multi‐pass cooling. I. Hassan can be contacted at: hassan@me.concordia.ca © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2006 Films (states of matter) Cooling Gas flow Flow measurement Computational geometry...

.../s) β volumetric thermal expansion coefficient (1/K) ζ non‐dimensional vorticity © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2006 Convection Flow measurement Rayleigh‐Ritz methods g gravitational acceleration (m/s^{2) H height}...

... wall Re Reynolds number r distance in the radial direction t time T temperature u* friction velocity U arbitrary velocity © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2005 Flow measurement Geometry Lasers Gas flow...

... diameter of the branch C inlet concentration of water liquid Oils Water Fluid mechanics Geometry Flow measurement © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2005 To date, there is no research published on the effect of deadleg geometry and flow velocity on the concentration...

... V elementary representative volume x, y, z Cartesian coordinates © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2005 Flow measurement Numerical analysis Heat measurement a_f specific interfacial area A_int total...

... x_i=Cartesian coordinates (x, y) δ_ij=Kronecker delta ε˜=isotropic dissipation rate Θ=temperature Flow measurement Heat transfer Turbulence Modelling A=cross‐section at area EVM=Launder and Sharma low‐Re linear...

... σ_k, σ_ε, σ_t=turbulent Prandtl numbers Flow measurement Heat transfer Turbulent flow Modelling c₁, c₂, c₁^w, c₂^w, c₁...

... =source term in momentum equation s=arclength of interface t=time U =face‐centered velocity vector u =cell‐centered velocity vector © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2004 Heat transfer media Liquid flow Flow measurement C=curve...