... a circular cylinder was numerically simulated using a semi-Lagrangian–Lagrangian method composed of a vortex-in-cell method for the liquid phase and a Lagrangian description of the gas phase. Additionally, a penalization method was applied to account for the cylinder inside the flow. The slip condition...

... of approaches, such as Lagrangian multipliers (Glowinski et al., 2001), level-set methods (Coquerelle and Cottet, 2008) and penalization methods (Angot et al., 1999 ; Mimeau et al., 2015). Penalization approaches, in particular, can be implemented more readily and seem more promising...

... Conservative vector field Far-field boundary condition Green’s function Penalization method Pressure Poisson equation Vortex-in-cell method The vortex-in-cell method (Christiansen, 1973 ; Uchiyama et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2017) combined with the penalization technique (Angot...