...Ji-Huan He Purpose It is extremely difficult to establish a variational principle for plasma. Kalaawy obtained a variational principle by using the semi-inverse method in 2016, and Li and He suggested a modification in 2017. This paper aims to search for a generalized variational formulation...

...). It can be used to search for variational formulations in plasma (Li and He, 2017), economics (Wu and He, 2018) and Lane–Emden equation (He and Ji, 2019a). For the present problem, we can construct a trial functional in the following form: (7) J ( Φ , u → , ρ )   =   ∫ t 0...

...Ya Li; Chun-Hui He Purpose This paper aims to show how to establish a variational formulation directly from the governing equations. A modified Burger equation arising in dusty plasma is used as an example to show the derivation process. Design/methodology/approach Ji-Huan He’s semi-inverse...