... ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically using MATLAB . The analysis reveals dual solutions within certain parameter ranges, accompanied by a saddle-node bifurcation and flow separation, indicating critical transitions in flow structure. A comprehensive temporal stability analysis...

..., which benefits applications requiring smooth flow. Solution bifurcation has been recognized as saddle-node bifurcation. A decrease in the Eckert number leads to a 16.83% and 23.69% enhancement in heat transfer under shrinking and suction, respectively. The Sherwood number rises by 39.69...