...Sanjay Kumar Pandey; Shruti Purpose This study aims to generalize the Baker and Sterling’s model (2017) by additionally considering viscous flow and introducing a cylindrical central zone of low pressure. Unlike other models, in which the azimuthal velocity is deduced as a special solution using...

.... Viscous effects are not obvious in the calculations of the equilibrium gas or the calorically perfect gas. In a word, the model of equilibrium gas is more suitable for hypersonic flow and the calculation of viscous flow has a smaller error. Originality/value The computer codes are developed...

...H.Y. Liu; Na Si; Ji-Huan He Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to point out a paradox in variational theory for viscous flows. Chien (1984) claimed that a variational principle of maximum power loses for viscous fluids was established, however, it violated the well-known Helmholtz’s principle...