..., dimensionless; ν = kinematic viscosity, m² s⁻¹; μ = plastic viscosity, Pa s; ρ = density of the fluid, kg m⁻³; τ = stress tensor, dimensionless; and τ_y = yield stress of fluid, dimensionless...

... dimensionless parameters govern the momentum layer: a swirling number capturing the balance between rotation and stretching, a Bingham number characterizing the fluid’s yield stress and a modified Reynolds number incorporating the disk stretching. The Prandtl number controls the thermal response. Findings...

...Behnam Rafiei; Hamed Masoumi; Mohammad Saeid Aghighi; Amine Ammar Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of complex boundary conditions on natural convection of a yield stress fluid in a square enclosure heated from below (uniformly and non-uniformly) and symmetrically cooled...