... each year due to job‐generated stress in the form of sickness absence, high labour turnover, lost productive value, increased recruitment and selection costs and medical expenses. The use of an effective system of subordinate appraisal of managers (SAMs) does, we believe, provide a mechanism which...

... of staff turnover. Reviews these issues and suggests subordinate appraisal of managers as one possible response. Wohlers and London[ 17 ] outline a number of reasons why peers may be less accurate assessors of managers than are the manager’s subordinates and supervisors. Possible reasons include...