...-term memory and one bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT)-based model, were implemented, evaluated and compared. Findings The performance of machine and deep learning models was compared in the task of sarcasm detection, and possible ways of improvement were discussed. Deep...

... of bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT’s) attention heads and explore how to use these attention heads to extract opinions from MOOC comments. Design/methodology/approach The approach proposed is based on an attention alignment mechanism with the following three stages: first...

... This paper is based on the hierarchical reinforcement learning framework of joint learning and combines the model with BERT, the best language representation model, to optimize the word embedding and encoding process. Besides, this paper adjusts some punctuation marks to make the data set more standardized...