... the foundation to establish evidence-based policies to reduce energy consumption and CO₂ emissions in similar climates. Sustainable retrofits Low carbon buildings Building envelope Building simulation DesignBuilder PVSOL Studies show that buildings and the construction industry have...

...%. The payback period is 11 years. Benefit/Cost >1 makes it a feasible and economical solution. Originality/value The work is completely original. No one have done this before. Energy-efficiency Student comfort Building simulation Benefit–cost analysis Cooling load Interview Snow-ball sampling...

... of this study exploits the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) optimization algorithm coupled with building simulation to research a trade-off between the optimization of investment cost and energy consumption. Our approach focuses on the whole optimization problem of thermal envelope, glazing...