... and income in Tajikistan. Tajikistan is a landlocked low-income country situated in Central Asia. Its population is 9.1 million people and gross domestic product per capita of US$822. According to the World Bank, Tajikistan has made significant progress in decreasing poverty levels from 83% in 2000 to 29.5...

... households in the sample of Hanoi, which is too small for any meaningful quantitative analysis. Beside this technical problem, the deprivations and hardships of the urban poor, as mentioned earlier, tend to be underestimated if income or expenditure is used to measure the well‐being of the urban dwellers...

... relationship between imports and its determinants. Findings Test results show that imports, income and relative prices are cointegrated. The estimated long‐run elasticities of import demand with respect to income and relative prices are 2.48 and −0.133, respectively. Originality/value These results...