...Panagiotis Kyriakopoulos Purpose This study explores whether, how and why micro-multinationals (mMNEs) and exporting SMEs de-internationalised during the pandemic. Although the rationale of transaction costs has been introduced to determine why a multinational firm should exist abroad...

... start-ups were successful in shifting into cyberspace by undergoing a radical digital transformation and ended up with more scalable business models and in many cases transformed themselves into micro-multinationals. Research limitations/implications Overall, firms tended to shift from physical...