... (sum of unemployment and inflation) as an indicator of economic hardship on business creation rates. The aim is to assess how these factors interact in fostering or constraining entrepreneurial activity. Design/methodology/approach A panel data analysis was conducted using data from 70 countries...

... measured using a hybrid measure of ESE is a limitation. Practical implications For entrepreneurship educators, the components of designing and delivering an entrepreneurship programme for older unemployed are identified. For enterprise and unemployment support agencies, it provides evidence...