... for new fire stations, to improve service quality and maximize service coverage within the specified time. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a method for precisely calculating travel time that integrates delay time caused by traffic lights, intersections and congestion. The study...

..., average of evacuation time per floor for the three buildings and effect of placement of emergency staircase on travel time. Findings Findings show that 12 m² which is double the allowable occupants' density in Malaysia increases evacuation time by 67.9% while the placement of the emergency...